The world of 3D printing has come a long way since its inception, offering multiple technologies to suit a wide range of applications and requirements. These advancements provide numerous opportunities for innovation but can also make it challenging for beginners to determine the best 3D printing technology for their projects. As Australia and New Zealand’s leading provider of 3D Printers and 3D Scanner Solutions, Objective3D aims to demystify the subject of 3D printing technologies and help you confidently select the right solution for your needs.

In this guide, we will explore the most popular 3D printing technologies, delving into their core principles, advantages, limitations, and optimal applications. By understanding the key differences between these technologies, you will be empowered to make informed decisions that maximise your 3D printing experience and ensure the success of your projects.

We will examine each technology in depth, focusing on its main characteristics such as printing process, material compatibility, build size, layer thickness, and surface finish quality. Additionally, we will provide insights into the most suitable applications for each technology, from rapid prototyping and end-use parts to artistic models and high-precision investments.

1. FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling)

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), also known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is the most common 3D printing technology and is widely recognised for its accessibility and affordability. This process involves the extrusion of a heated thermoplastic filament, which is deposited layer-by-layer following a predefined path to create a 3D object.

Advantages: FDM is well-suited for rapid prototyping and functional applications, providing a range of material options such as PLA, ABS, PETG, and TPU. This technology is known for its user-friendly nature, comparatively low operating costs, and minimal post-processing requirements.

Limitations: FDM prints often exhibit visible layer lines, resulting in a lower surface finish quality compared to other 3D printing technologies. Additionally, FDM may not be the best choice for highly intricate or delicate designs due to its limitations in resolution and accuracy.

Applications: FDM is ideal for creating functional prototypes, end-use parts, and educational models but may not be the best choice for highly detailed or complex geometries.

2. SLA (Stereolithography)

Stereolithography (SLA) is a 3D printing technology that uses a UV laser to selectively cure liquid resin into solid layers, forming a 3D object with high accuracy and detail. This technology is predominantly known for its ability to create high-resolution prints with smooth surface finishes.

Advantages: SLA offers superior resolution and surface finish compared to FDM, making it a popular choice for projects that require fine details, complex geometries, and smooth surface finishes. SLA printers can work with a wide range of materials, including general-purpose, flexible, and high-temperature resins.

Limitations: SLA printers are typically more expensive than FDM printers and require a more involved post-processing procedure. Additionally, the range of materials can be more limited, and SLA-printed parts are often more brittle compared to their FDM counterparts.

Applications: SLA is ideal for creating high-precision models, such as jewellery designs, dental applications, and artistic models that demand intricate details and smooth surface finishes.

3. SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a powder-based 3D printing technology that uses a high-powered laser to selectively fuse powder particles together, layer-by-layer, to create a 3D object. SLS is commonly used for producing functional prototypes and end-use parts with high strength and durability.

Advantages: SLS allows for the creation of strong, functional parts with excellent mechanical properties, making it ideal for manufacturing applications. This technology also supports a range of materials, including various nylons, metals, and ceramics. SLS does not require support structures, providing the freedom to create more complex designs with ease.

Limitations: SLS can be more expensive than FDM and SLA, both in terms of initial investment and operating costs. The surface finish of SLS parts is often more textured, requiring post-processing to achieve a smooth finish.

Applications: SLS is well-suited for producing functional parts, such as gears, hinges, and mechanical components, as well as for creating complex, organic geometries that may be difficult to produce using other 3D printing technologies.

4. PolyJet (Photopolymer Jetting)

PolyJet, also known as Photopolymer Jetting, is a 3D printing technology that uses inkjet-like nozzles to deposit liquid photopolymer droplets layer-by-layer, which are then cured by UV light to create a 3D object. PolyJet printers are known for their ability to produce high-resolution prints with varying material properties within a single print job.

Advantages: PolyJet offers exceptional detail, accuracy, and surface finish quality, as well as the ability to print multiple materials and colours simultaneously. This technology allows for the creation of parts with varying shore hardness, opacity, and colour, resulting in remarkably versatile prints.

Limitations: PolyJet printers have a higher price point compared to FDM and SLA, and the material costs are typically higher. Additionally, prints may require post-processing, like support removal and curing.

Applications: PolyJet is perfect for creating intricate models and prototypes that require high resolution, multiple material properties or colours, and an excellent surface finish.

Embrace the Power of 3D Printing

By gaining an understanding of the various 3D printing technologies available, their advantages, limitations, and ideal applications, you can make informed choices to maximise the success of your projects. Whether you are a hobbyist, a professional, or a business owner seeking to harness the power of 3D printing, Objective3D is here to provide expert guidance, support, and innovative solutions to help you achieve remarkable outcomes in the exciting world of additive manufacturing.